Technical Analysis

Kind: module

Namespace: ta

Provides functions for technical analysis, including moving averages, statistical calculations, and series manipulations.

ta.sum()

Kind: func

Calculates the sum of the last length values.

Syntax

ta.sum(source, length) → series

Arguments

Name	Type	Description
source	series	Source series
length	int	Number of bars

Returns

A series containing the sum.

Notes

NaN values are ignored
Returns NaN until length bars are available

Example

javascript

function onTick() {
    const totalVolume = ta.sum(volume, 20);
    spline(totalVolume, {title: "20-bar Volume Sum"});
}

ta.cum()

Kind: func

Calculates the cumulative sum of a series.

Syntax

ta.cum(source) → series
ta.cum(number) → series

Arguments

Name	Type	Description
source	series, double	Source series or value

Returns

A series containing the cumulative sum.

Notes

NaN values are treated as 0

Example

javascript

function onTick() {
    const cumVolume = ta.cum(volume);
    spline(cumVolume, {title: "Cumulative Volume"});
}

ta.sma()

Kind: func

Calculates the Simple Moving Average (SMA).

Syntax

ta.sma(source, length) → series

Arguments

Name	Type	Description
source	series	Source series
length	int	Number of bars

Returns

A series containing the SMA.

Notes

NaN values are ignored; the average is calculated over non-NaN values only
Returns NaN until length bars are available

Example

javascript

function onTick() {
    const sma20 = ta.sma(close, 20);
    spline(sma20, {title: "SMA 20"});
}

ta.ema()

Kind: func

Calculates the Exponential Moving Average (EMA).

Syntax

ta.ema(source, length) → series

Arguments

Name	Type	Description
source	series	Source series
length	int	Number of bars

Returns

A series containing the EMA.

Notes

Returns NaN if the current source value is NaN
Returns NaN until length bars are available
Uses SMA for initial length bars, then switches to EMA formula

Example

javascript

function onTick() {
    const ema20 = ta.ema(close, 20);
    spline(ema20, {title: "EMA 20"});
}

ta.wma()

Kind: func

Calculates the Weighted Moving Average (WMA).

Syntax

ta.wma(source, length) → series

Arguments

Name	Type	Description
source	series	Source series
length	int	Number of bars

Returns

A series containing the WMA.

Notes

NaN values are ignored; weights are assigned by position, not by value count
Returns NaN until length bars are available

Example

javascript

function onTick() {
    const wma20 = ta.wma(close, 20);
    spline(wma20, {title: "WMA 20"});
}

ta.wima()

Kind: func

Calculates the Wilder's Smoothing Moving Average (WIMA).

Syntax

ta.wima(source, length) → series

Arguments

Name	Type	Description
source	series	Source series
length	int	Number of bars

Returns

A series containing the WIMA.

Notes

Returns NaN if the current source value is NaN
Returns NaN until length bars are available
Uses SMA for initial length bars, then switches to WIMA formula

Example

javascript

function onTick() {
    const wima20 = ta.wima(close, 20);
    spline(wima20, {title: "WIMA 20"});
}

ta.highest()

Kind: func

Returns the highest value in the last length bars.

Syntax

ta.highest(source, length) → series

Arguments

Name	Type	Description
source	series	Source series
length	int	Number of bars

Returns

A series containing the highest value.

Notes

NaN values are ignored
Returns NaN until length bars are available
Returns NaN if all values in the window are NaN

Example

javascript

function onTick() {
    const high20 = ta.highest(high, 20);
    spline(high20, {title: "20-bar High"});
}

ta.highestBar()

Kind: func

Returns the bar offset to the highest value in the last length bars.

Syntax

ta.highestBar(source, length) → series

Arguments

Name	Type	Description
source	series	Source series
length	int	Number of bars

Returns

A series containing the bar offset to the highest value (0 = current bar).

Notes

NaN values are ignored
Returns NaN until length bars are available
Returns NaN if all values in the window are NaN

Example

javascript

function onTick() {
    const offset = ta.highestBar(high, 20);
    const highestValue = isNaN(offset) ? NaN : high[offset];
    spline(highestValue, {title: "20-bar High"});
}

ta.lowest()

Kind: func

Returns the lowest value in the last length bars.

Syntax

ta.lowest(source, length) → series

Arguments

Name	Type	Description
source	series	Source series
length	int	Number of bars

Returns

A series containing the lowest value.

Notes

NaN values are ignored
Returns NaN until length bars are available
Returns NaN if all values in the window are NaN

Example

javascript

function onTick() {
    const low20 = ta.lowest(low, 20);
    spline(low20, {title: "20-bar Low"});
}

ta.lowestBar()

Kind: func

Returns the bar offset to the lowest value in the last length bars.

Syntax

ta.lowestBar(source, length) → series

Arguments

Name	Type	Description
source	series	Source series
length	int	Number of bars

Returns

A series containing the bar offset to the lowest value (0 = current bar).

Notes

NaN values are ignored
Returns NaN until length bars are available
Returns NaN if all values in the window are NaN

Example

javascript

function onTick() {
    const offset = ta.lowestBar(low, 20);
    const lowestValue = isNaN(offset) ? NaN : low[offset];
    spline(lowestValue, {title: "20-bar Low"});
}

ta.pivotHigh()

Kind: func

Returns the pivot high value if found.

Syntax

ta.pivotHigh(source, left, right) → series

Arguments

Name	Type	Description
source	series	Source series
left	int	Number of bars to the left
right	int	Number of bars to the right

Returns

The pivot high value, or NaN if not found.

Notes

Returns NaN until left + right + 1 bars are available
Returns NaN if no pivot found at current position
For plotting, pass offset: -right to spline() (or another drawing call that supports offset) so the marker appears on the candle where the pivot actually occurred, not on the latest bar.

Example

javascript

function onTick() {
    const right = 5;
    const ph = ta.pivotHigh(high, 5, right);
    spline(ph, {title: "Pivot High", style: spline.STYLE_CIRCLES, offset: -right});
}

ta.pivotLow()

Kind: func

Returns the pivot low value if found.

Syntax

ta.pivotLow(source, left, right) → series

Arguments

Name	Type	Description
source	series	Source series
left	int	Number of bars to the left
right	int	Number of bars to the right

Returns

The pivot low value, or NaN if not found.

Notes

Returns NaN until left + right + 1 bars are available
Returns NaN if no pivot found at current position
For plotting, pass offset: -right to spline() (or another drawing call that supports offset) so the marker appears on the candle where the pivot actually occurred, not on the latest bar.

Example

javascript

function onTick() {
    const right = 5;
    const pl = ta.pivotLow(low, 5, right);
    spline(pl, {title: "Pivot Low", style: spline.STYLE_CIRCLES, offset: -right});
}

ta.tr()

Kind: func

Calculates the True Range (TR) for the current bar.

Syntax

ta.tr() → series

Arguments

None

Returns

A series containing the True Range value for the current bar.

Notes

True Range is the maximum of (high-low, abs(high - close[1]), abs(low-close[1]))
Might return NaN if some of the above sources are not available

Example

javascript

function onTick() {
    const tr = ta.tr();
    spline(tr, {title: "True Range"});
}

ta.atr()

Kind: func

Calculates the Average True Range (ATR) over a specified period.

Syntax

ta.atr(length) → series

Arguments

Name	Type	Description
length	int	Number of bars

Returns

A series containing the Average True Range(ATR) value for the current bar.

Notes

ATR is calculated as the Wilder's Moving Average (WIMA) of the True Range (TR) over the specified period
You can use ta.tr() to get the True Range series for custom ATR calculations
Returns NaN until length bars are available

Example

Default ATR calculation:

javascript

function onTick() {
    const atr14 = ta.atr(14);
    spline(atr14, {title: "ATR (14)"});
}

ATR using Simple Moving Average instead of WIMA:

javascript

function onTick() {
    const tr = ta.tr();
    const atr14 = ta.sma(tr, 14);
    spline(atr14, {title: "ATR (14) with SMA"});
}

ta.wpr()

Kind: func

Calculates the Williams Percent Range (%R) for the current bar.

Syntax

ta.wpr(period) → series

Arguments

Name	Type	Description
period	int	Number of bars

Returns

A series containing the %R values.

Notes

Formula: %R = (Close - Highest High) / (Highest High - Lowest Low) × 100
Uses an expanding window: produces values from the first bar, widening the lookback until period bars are available
Returns NaN if the highest high equals the lowest low (zero-range bar)

Example

javascript

function onTick() {
    const wr = ta.wpr(14);
    spline(wr, {title: "Williams %R (14)"});
}

ta.rsi()

Kind: func

Calculates the Relative Strength Index (RSI) for the current bar.

Syntax

ta.rsi(source, length) → series

Arguments

Name	Type	Description
source	series	Source series
length	int	Number of bars

Returns

A series containing the RSI values.

Notes

Formula: change = source[0] - source[1]; RSI = 50 × (1 + wima(change) / wima(|change|))
Uses Wilder's smoothing (WIMA) for both average gain and average loss components
Returns NaN until length + 1 bars are available
Returns NaN when the smoothed absolute change is zero

Example

javascript

function onTick() {
    const rsi = ta.rsi(close, 14);
    spline(rsi, {title: "RSI (14)", color: color.BLUE});
}

ta.sar()

Kind: func

Calculates the Parabolic Stop and Reverse (SAR) for the current bar.

Syntax

ta.sar() → series
ta.sar(start, increment, maximum) → series

Arguments

Name	Type	Description
start	double	Initial acceleration factor (default: `0.02`)
increment	double	Acceleration factor increment (default: `0.02`)
maximum	double	Maximum acceleration factor (default: `0.2`)

Returns

A series containing the SAR values.

Notes

Values are clamped to the previous two bars' extremes and seeded on the second bar from the close direction.
The no-argument form uses defaults: start 0.02, increment 0.02, maximum 0.2
Returns NaN on the first bar (no prior bar to seed the trend)

Example

javascript

function onTick() {
    const sar = ta.sar();
    spline(sar, {title: "SAR", style: spline.STYLE_CIRCLES, color: color.YELLOW});
}

ta.supertrend()

Kind: func

Calculates the SuperTrend indicator line and trend direction for the current bar.

Syntax

ta.supertrend(factor, atrPeriod) → [line, direction]

Arguments

Name	Type	Description
factor	double	ATR multiplier
atrPeriod	int	ATR period (Wilder's smoothing/WIMA)

Returns

An array of two series: [line, direction].

line: SuperTrend line value
direction: Trend direction — -1 for uptrend, 1 for downtrend

Notes

ATR is calculated as WIMA of True Range (ta.atr path)
Upper and lower bands are ratcheted using the previous bar's values
Returns NaN until enough bars are available for ATR calculation

Example

javascript

function onTick() {
    const [st, dir] = ta.supertrend(3.0, 10);
    spline(dir < 0 ? st : NaN, {title: "Up direction", color: color.GREEN, style: spline.STYLE_LINE_BREAK});
    spline(dir > 0 ? st : NaN, {title: "Down direction", color: color.RED, style: spline.STYLE_LINE_BREAK});
}

ta.stdev()

Kind: func

Calculates the Standard Deviation of the last length values.

Syntax

ta.stdev(source, length) → series

Arguments

Name	Type	Description
source	series	Source series
length	int	Number of bars

Returns

A series containing the standard deviation for the current bar.

Notes

Uses the population standard deviation formula:
- stdev = sqrt( ( Σ(x^2) - (Σx)^2 / n ) / n ), where n = length
Returns NaN until length bars are available
If any value in the lookback window is NaN, the result is NaN

Example

javascript

function onTick() {
    const sd20 = ta.stdev(close, 20);
    spline(sd20, {title: "StdDev (20)", color: color.RED});
}

ta.dmi()

Kind: func

Calculates the Directional Movement Index (DMI) indicators: Plus Directional Indicator (+DI), Minus Directional Indicator (-DI), and Average Directional Index (ADX).

Syntax

ta.dmi(length) → [plusDI, minusDI, adx]

Arguments

Name	Type	Description
length	int	Number of bars

Returns

An array of three series: [plusDI, minusDI, adx].

plusDI: Plus Directional Indicator series
minusDI: Minus Directional Indicator series
adx: Average Directional Index series

Notes

DMI is a trend strength indicator composed of +DI, -DI, and ADX
All series propagate NaN if any required value is not available
Returns NaN until enough bars are available for the calculation
+DI and -DI are calculated using Wilder's smoothing (WIMA)
ADX is the smoothed average of the DX (difference index)

Example

javascript

function onTick() {
    const [plusDI, minusDI, adx] = ta.dmi(14);
    spline(plusDI, {title: "+DI", color: color.GREEN});
    spline(minusDI, {title: "-DI", color: color.RED});
    spline(adx, {title: "ADX", color: color.BLUE});
}

ta.lreg()

Kind: func

Calculates the value of the linear regression line at the most recent bar over a rolling window.

Syntax

ta.lreg(source, length) → series

Arguments

Name	Type	Description
source	series	Source series
length	int	Number of bars

Returns

A series containing the value of the linear regression line at the most recent bar for each window.

Notes

Returns NaN until length bars are available
If any source value in the window is NaN, the result is NaN for that bar
The result is the value of the regression line at the most recent (rightmost) bar in the window

Example

javascript

function onTick() {
    const lreg = ta.lreg(close, 20);
    spline(lreg, {title: "Linear Regression (20)"});
}

ta.dev()

Kind: func

Calculates the Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD) of the last length values.

Syntax

ta.dev(source, length) → series

Arguments

Name	Type	Description
source	series	Source series
length	int	Number of bars

Returns

A series containing the mean absolute deviation.

Notes

Uses the population MAD formula: dev = Σ|x - mean| / length, where mean = sma(source, length)
Returns NaN until length bars are available
If any value in the loopback window is NaN, the result is NaN

Example

javascript

function onTick() {
    const deviation = ta.dev(close, 20);
    spline(deviation, {title: "Mean Abs Deviation (20)"});
}

ta.cci()

Kind: func

Calculates the Commodity Channel Index (CCI) for the current bar.

Syntax

ta.cci(source, length) → series

Arguments

Name	Type	Description
source	series	Source series
length	int	Number of bars

Returns A series containing the CCI value for the current bar.

Notes

CCI is calculated using the formula: CCI = (source - sma(source, length)) / (0.015 * dev(source, length))
If any value in the loopback window is NaN, the result is NaN

Example

javascript

function onTick() {
    const cci = ta.cci(hlc3, 20);
    spline(cci, {title: "CCI (20)"});
}

ta.cross()

Kind: func

Detects whether two series crossed each other on the current bar (in either direction).

Syntax

ta.cross(source1, source2) → bool
ta.cross(source1, constant) → bool

Arguments

Name	Type	Description
source1	series	First data series
source2	series, number	Second data series or constant line

Returns

true if the two series crossed each other on the current bar, otherwise false.

Notes

Equivalent to ta.crossover(source1, source2) || ta.crossunder(source1, source2)
Returns false if either series has fewer than two bars or any required value is NaN

Example

RSI midline cross — highlight when RSI crosses the 50 level in either direction:

javascript

indicator({overlay: false});

const length = input("length", 14);

function onTick() {
    const rsi = ta.rsi(close, length);

    spline(rsi, {title: "RSI", color: color.BLUE});
    spline(70, {title: "Overbought", color: color.RED});
    spline(30, {title: "Oversold", color: color.GREEN});
    spline(ta.cross(rsi, 50) ? rsi : NaN, {title: "Midline cross",
        style: spline.STYLE_CIRCLES,
        color: color.YELLOW,
    });
}

ta.crossover()

Kind: func

Detects whether source1 crossed over source2 on the current bar: the value of source1 is greater than source2, and on the previous bar source1 was less than or equal to source2.

Syntax

ta.crossover(source1, source2) → bool
ta.crossover(source1, constant) → bool

Arguments

Name	Type	Description
source1	series	First data series
source2	series, number	Second data series or constant line

Returns

true if source1 crossed over source2, otherwise false.

Notes

Returns false if either series has fewer than two bars or any required value is NaN

Example

Golden cross — mark when the short MA crosses above the long MA:

javascript

const shortLength = input("shortLength", 50);
const longLength = input("longLength", 200);

function onTick() {
    const maShort = ta.sma(close, shortLength);
    const maLong = ta.sma(close, longLength);

    spline(maShort, {title: "MA Short", color: color.GREEN});
    spline(maLong, {title: "MA Long", color: color.RED});
    spline(ta.crossover(maShort, maLong) ? maShort : NaN, {
        title: "Golden cross",
        style: spline.STYLE_CIRCLES,
        color: color.YELLOW,
    });
}

ta.crossunder()

Kind: func

Detects whether source1 crossed under source2 on the current bar: the value of source1 is less than source2, and on the previous bar source1 was greater than or equal to source2.

Syntax

ta.crossunder(source1, source2) → bool
ta.crossunder(source1, constant) → bool

Arguments

Name	Type	Description
source1	series	First data series
source2	series, number	Second data series or constant line

Returns

true if source1 crossed under source2, otherwise false.

Notes

Returns false if either series has fewer than two bars or any required value is NaN

Example

Death cross — mark when the short MA crosses below the long MA:

javascript

const shortLength = input("shortLength", 50);
const longLength = input("longLength", 200);

function onTick() {
    const maShort = ta.sma(close, shortLength);
    const maLong = ta.sma(close, longLength);

    spline(maShort, {title: "MA Short", color: color.GREEN});
    spline(maLong, {title: "MA Long", color: color.RED});
    spline(ta.crossunder(maShort, maLong) ? maShort : NaN, {
        title: "Death cross",
        style: spline.STYLE_CIRCLES,
        color: color.YELLOW,
    });
}

Core

Outputs

Technical Analysis

ta.sum()

ta.cum()

ta.sma()

ta.ema()

ta.wma()

ta.wima()

ta.highest()

ta.highestBar()

ta.lowest()

ta.lowestBar()

ta.pivotHigh()

ta.pivotLow()

ta.tr()

ta.atr()

ta.wpr()

ta.rsi()

ta.sar()

ta.supertrend()

ta.stdev()

ta.dmi()

ta.lreg()

ta.dev()

ta.cci()

ta.cross()

ta.crossover()

ta.crossunder()

Technical Analysis ​

ta.sum() ​

ta.cum() ​

ta.sma() ​

ta.ema() ​

ta.wma() ​

ta.wima() ​

ta.highest() ​

ta.highestBar() ​

ta.lowest() ​

ta.lowestBar() ​

ta.pivotHigh() ​

ta.pivotLow() ​

ta.tr() ​

ta.atr() ​

ta.wpr() ​

ta.rsi() ​

ta.sar() ​

ta.supertrend() ​

ta.stdev() ​

ta.dmi() ​

ta.lreg() ​

ta.dev() ​

ta.cci() ​

ta.cross() ​

ta.crossover() ​

ta.crossunder() ​

Technical Analysis

ta.sum()

ta.cum()

ta.sma()

ta.ema()

ta.wma()

ta.wima()

ta.highest()

ta.highestBar()

ta.lowest()

ta.lowestBar()

ta.pivotHigh()

ta.pivotLow()

ta.tr()

ta.atr()

ta.wpr()

ta.rsi()

ta.sar()

ta.supertrend()

ta.stdev()

ta.dmi()

ta.lreg()

ta.dev()

ta.cci()

ta.cross()

ta.crossover()

ta.crossunder()